=CALFA SAT= Intelligent Bactericide (CALFA CHEMICAL JAPAN)

CALFA SAT

The Intelligent Bactericide "CALFA SAT" which removes and cleans any organism (Legionella Bacteria, Slime, Biofilm, Algae) of the water by thousands of attack patterns, also called "Encryption Sterilization". Bacteria can't solve the complicated puzzle, and must not develop to Resistance in hundreds year future.

When chlorine is added to water, it generally forms "hypochlorous acid", the powerful killing form of chlorine, and a hypochlorite ion, a relatively weak form of chlorine. The total of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions is the free available chlorine. also called "FREE chlorine (Powefull effective as Sterilization). However, Chlorine can combine with ammonia and nitrogen compounds in the water to form chloramines, also called "COMBINED chlorine". By combining with ammonia and nitrogen, free chlorine in the water is disabled.
Chloramines are 80 to 100 times less effective than free chlorine and are formed any time ammonia and nitrogen are in the water. Some of the ammonia and nitrogen compounds are introduced into the water by wind blows from agriculture fields, food factories, organic chemistry factories, the sea, and main streets congested with traffic . If your cooling towers are located near that, Nitrogen level in water of your cooling towers goes up easily. also Ammonia and nitrogen compounds are introduced into the water by rain. Each drop of rain has some dissolved nitrogen from the atmosphere.

HOCl + NH 3 = NH 2 Cl + H 2 O
hypochlorous acid + ammonia = monochloramine + water

NH 2 Cl + NH 3 = NHCl 2 + H 2 O
monochloramine + ammonia = dichloramine + water

NHCl 2 + NH 3 = NCl 3 + H 2 O
dichloramine + ammonia = trichloramine + water

The percentage of "Hypochlorous acid" (HClO) ,and "Hypochlorite ions" (ClO-) is determined by the pH of the water. As the pH goes up, less of the chlorine is in the killing form and more of the chlorine is in the weaker form. If the water would be PH8.5, the effectiveness of Free Chlorine is 6 times less effective than the water of PH 7.50.

Most case of water in cooling towers are around 8.5 alkali range. Total alkalinity is the measure of the amount of alkaline substances which calcium, Magnesium, silica (primarily carbonates and bicarbonates) in your water. These alkaline substances of the water goes up to higher alkali while cooling and evaporating. Also, "Nitrogen"(N) blow into your water from atmosphere of outside ,and the concentration level goes up high suddenly depend on the location, season or any cases. It's almost NO bactericide effect unless much large quantities of hypochlorous acid added. If ever adding large quantities of hypochlorous acid, More effective bacteria (such as legionella) control as bacteria develop resistance to bactericide (only hypochlorous acid etc.) and thus the bactericide must be changed on a regular basis. (daily or weekly). It's necessary adding by various bactericide chemical agents in order not to develop resistance. (at least 2 types) ,also very tough work to hold the stocks, the costs are up if you change the bactericide chemical agents on a daily basis. of course the risk of human health would be high if the concentration of those kinds of chemical agents goes up.

The basic of CALFA SAT represents second generation of bromine-release bactericides which improves upon those halogenated hydantoins which have been in the marketplace for many years. "Dichlorodimethylhydantoin" and "Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin" and been available for cooling water since the mid-1970's. While they provide chemically stable, safe, easy to use solid form, help of binders. Generally these products have been slow dissolving, dusty, and lacking in physical integrity and it has often been difficult to provide sufficient halogen quickly enough for adequate bio-control.

CALFA SAT is new generation hydantoin bactericide which functions as a disinfectant through the release of active bromine and chlorine. CALFA SAT hydrolyzes to 5.5-Dimethylhydantoin (DMH) and 5.5-Ethylmethylhydantoin(EMH) in the water.

(Basic Bactericidal Effectiveness of CALFA SAT)
1-Bromo-3-chloro-5 / 5-Dimethylhydantoin / 1,3- Dichloro-5 / 5-Dimethylhydantoin / 1, 3-Dichloro-5-ethyl-5-methylhydantoin

	Improved wet and dry physical stability		Improved solubility and dissolution rates
	Effective in H2S and NH3(N) environment		Suitability for both slug and continuous feed
	Higher purity by eliminating binders		Compatible with other water treatment chemicals
	Efficacious at extremely low levels		Getting Synergy Effect installing with CALFA BAS
	harmless to the environment at recommended levels		Simple to Install (Just to Immerse) Any Equipments or Collecting Chemical Drums are NOT necessary
	Electicity NOT Required		Effects will continue for 40-45days () after its placement. 12hours system working / Per day
	Reduced dusting and safe to handle package		Maintenance Free
	Minimize corrosion		Active in both "Acid" and "Alkaline" PH ranges
	To clean inside the Pipelines and Heat Exchanger		Reduces Equipment Electicity Consumption

CALFA SAT delivers bromine which has many benefits for cooling water systems. Both bromine and chlorine will react wtith nitrogenous contaminants in water systems, forming haloamines. Chloraines are stable compounds which provide minimal Bactericidal activity, while the less stable bromamines provide maximum bactericidal performance. Another distince advantage of bromine over chlorine is its superior perfomance characteristics under alkaline conditions. At high PH levels very little hypochlorous acid is formed, while the equilibrium of bromine provides vastly greater quantities of the microbiologically active hypobromous acid.

(Relative Bactericidal Effectiveness)
1,000	Hypobromous Acid / Hypocholrous Acid / Bromamines
100	Hypochlorite / Hypobromite
0-10	Chloramines

Generally, Most of cases are adding hypochlorous acid into the water of cooling systems as bactericides. but It easy to combine with nitrogen of the water, then, it will be "Chloramines"etc. and bactericides effect will fall down to 1% than original hypochlorous acid. However, Bromamines does not lose the bactericide effect even if Bromine combined with nitrogen of the water. The Main Bactericides effect of CALFA SAT consists of Bromine and Chlorine. In CALFA SAT case, Bromine release ,and combines with nitrogen BEFORE Chlorine doing it, (Time Lag Release) Thus,the most of nitrogen will have been "Bromamines" even if your water have so many nitrogen.

Further CALFA SAT mixed or covered with "Cysteine Protease" "N-Acetylglucosamine", "Acetic Acid", "Cellulose Derivative", and "Poly Alcohol", to resolve protein substances like Biofilm, to make time lag melting, confusing and attacking against Bacteria. (All Organism). Bromine, Chlorine attacks and disinfect all bacteria of the water, The power of Enzyme helps resolving Biofilm ,and bacteria not to develop to "Resistance" by various complicated chemical structures. It's new technique such "Puzzle Game" from the view of Bacteria side, so we called (Encryption Sterilization). Any Bacteria NO longer develop to "Resistance" in hundreds years future.

(Effective in "H2S" and "NH3" environments) (Eliminates potential for wide PH varieations)

Like as above Graph, The level of Free Chlorine of CALFA SAT is still effective in wide PH varieation range , because Bromine release ,and combines with nitrogen BEFORE Chlorine doing it, (Time Lag Release) . Furthermore CALFA SAT does not corrode iron things 8 times less than hypochlorous acid. Plus, It's almost NO corrode if you use with CALFA BAS together.

You can find a white bag of CALFA SAT & a small Drier when you open a bag. Please install “ CLAFA SAT ” at the bottom of your cooling tower system at following rate ： 0.03%-0.05% against the amount of the "HOLDING WATER" in cooling tower and pipeline, or 10ppm-15ppm (0.001% - 0.0015%) against the amount of the "RECIRCULATING WATER". (Example) THE "RECIRCULATING WATER" 100m3 /h × 0.001% = 1Kg (10ppm) Actually above dosage is just example, The Exact Dosages depends on the conditions of your cooling tower systems , so please find the appropriate dosages like follows. 4 - 7 days later after installed, Measuring "FREE CHLORINE" in the water of cooling tower system using a Free chlorine measure machine like following table.
	CALFA SAT (1Kg)	Installing at the bottom of cooling tower

Against General SLIME / Biofilm / ALGAE	Between 0.2ppm - 0.4 ppm
Against Legionella Bacteria	Above 0.4 ppm


Basically, Near entrance of Pipes at the bottom of cooling towers. Please belt up with facilities anywhere not to flow or move in water. In case of generated much ALGAE , please install near the Generated Place , and starts from 5ppm to more little by little. because much high concentration would makes much bubbles.

SLIME	Resistance Bacteria (Low concentration of hypochlorous acid does not effect)

As you can see, Above 2 pictures show much bubble , and the color turned into Brown by generating from killing much bacteria. Because The Main ingredients of SLIME & BIOFILM made by Protein. Thus, It's better to change water quickly ,or preparing Anti-Formed agent if your cooling towers have much ORGANISM (BACTERIA & SLIME & BIOFILM). So to speak, much bubble shows ,much killed bacteria & biofilm !

As you can see, Above 2 pictures show much bubble , but the color is "Spotty White" by generating from killing much bacteria as well.
It may occur 4 - 7 days after install CALFA SAT in your cooling tower systems if it has much Organism (Bacteria or Slime). Please be assured without becoming panic even if so much bubble generated. It may occur when the first installation and cleaning period only, so It's better to change water quickly ,or preparing Anti-Formed agent. Water will be change to beautiful transparency when bubble disappears.